Friends, today in this article we will learn about the tap change of the transformer. I am going to give information about all this in a very good way. So let’s start.
Tap change of transformer-
When the voltage is sent to a long distance, there is a voltage drop in the conductors, due to which less voltage is obtained at the terminals. Tap changed transformers are used to compensate for this voltage drop. There are two methods of this-
(1) Tap changed method with load
(2) Tap changed method with load
Tap change on load – The tap change on load arrangement is shown in Figure (a) and (b). According to Figure (a), the secondary coil of the transformer is made of two equivalent parallel coils.
Minimum secondary voltage is obtained but to increase the secondary voltage, one of the coils is taken out of the circuit by opening any one switch S_{1} or S_{2}. Suppose switch S_{1} is opened then the coil controlled by switch S_{2} carries full current which is twice the current carried by it in normal operation. Now after opening the previous tapping of the coil controlled by switch S_{1} and setting the desired tapping, switch S_{1} is closed.
Now to change the tapping, after opening switch S_{1}, open switch 1 and close the switch of desired tapping and then close switch S_{1}. After this, switch S_{2} of the second parallel secondary coil is opened and the tap setting on that side is also set to the same tap as before and after this switch S_{2} is closed. At this time now both the parallel coils divide the load among themselves i.e. both the coils carry equal current.
Figure (b) also shows the tap changing arrangement on the load in which A and B are moving contacts and C is a choke coil or reactor. When the moving contacts A and B are in contact with the adjacent sections of the dial switch, this coil C protects the main coil from being short-circuited. In the condition shown in the figure, the entire turn of the secondary coil of the transformer is in the circuit and the load current reaches point L from tapping 1 through the reactor C. Half the current in the reactor flows through the switch S, while the other half flows through the switch S₂. The magnetomotive force (mmf) of both the halves of C are opposite to each other. Also, due to the inductive effect of coil C, the resistive power loss in it is negligible and due to its low turns, the voltage drop in it is also not high.
What did you learn today :-
Now you must have known what is the tap change of a transformer. You must have got the answer to all these questions very well.
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